{"id":497,"date":"2026-08-11T19:17:07","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:17:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/americanservicereview.com\/?p=497"},"modified":"2026-08-11T19:17:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T19:17:07","slug":"a-reflection-on-john-roberts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/americanservicereview.com\/?p=497","title":{"rendered":"A reflection on John Roberts"},"content":{"rendered":"

On this day in 1965, the Senate confirmed the appointment of Abe Fortas to the Supreme Court. Fortas ultimately served on the court for under four years, resigning in May 1969 amid a financial scandal and potential impeachment effort.<\/p>

Read more The court should hold oral argument outside of the capital<\/a><\/p>

At the Court<\/h2>

On July 27, the Trump administration asked the Supreme Court on its emergency docket to clear the way for the implementation of President Donald Trump\u2019s executive order on mail-in voting. Twelve states \u2013 led by Alabama \u2013 later echoed this request in their own application. Last week, the group of 23 states and the District of Columbia challenging the order the court to deny these requests. The matter is now fully briefed, and the court\u2019s ruling could come at any time.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Morning Reads<\/h2>

The Delusions of John Roberts<\/h3>

Margaret Talbot, The New Yorker<\/svg><\/span><\/p>

In a profile of Chief Justice John Roberts, The New Yorker explored Roberts\u2019 path to the Supreme Court and how he, as chief justice, is navigating the Trump era. \u201c[I]t must be confounding to have Roberts\u2019s job these days,\u201d Margaret Talbot wrote. \u201cIn one sense, he\u2019s been getting so much of what he has long believed in: the weakening of the administrative state, the enlargement of Presidential power, and the rollback of affirmative action and of voting-rights protections for minorities, which he thinks our society no longer needs.\u201d But he \u201cis compelled to deal with a President especially likely to abuse\u201d the power he\u2019s gained. \u201cFor a man like Roberts, to whom the label \u2018institutionalist\u2019 attaches like an epithet in the Odyssey, perhaps the only thing worse than Trump\u2019s excoriation of the Justices is his gratitude when they do what he wants.\u201d<\/p><\/div><\/div>

After Supreme Court Win, Trump Officials Under Pressure to Deport Haitians<\/h3>

Madeleine Ngo and Hamed Aleaziz, The New York Times<\/svg><\/span><\/p>

In a June 25 ruling on the Temporary Protected Status program, the Supreme Court cleared the way for the Trump administration to end deportation protections for about 350,000 Haitian nationals. Now, \u201c[t]he Trump administration is facing pressure on the right to ramp up arrests of\u201d these Haitians, but struggling to navigate a number of issues, according to The New York Times. \u201c[L]ogistical challenges to deporting such a large group to an unstable country, and a lack of internal guidance within Immigration and Customs Enforcement, have complicated the effort. Some Republican politicians have also voiced concerns about the impact on certain industries if Haitian workers were deported en masse.\u201d<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Trump’s attack on ‘birth tourism’ faces uphill legal battle after Supreme Court ruling<\/h3>

Andrew Chung, Reuters<\/svg><\/span><\/p>

On Thursday, President Donald Trump signed two executive orders on birthright citizenship and \u201cbirth tourism\u201d \u2013 that is, travel by pregnant woman to the United States so that their babies will have U.S. citizenship. Legal scholars told Reuters that the restrictions on birth tourism are unlikely to withstand Supreme Court scrutiny because the court\u2019s June ruling on Trump\u2019s original birthright citizenship order said \u201c[t]hese children are citizens based on their birth on U.S. soil.\u201d Scholars were more \u201cdivided over whether courts might allow\u201d Trump \u201cto expand historical exceptions to automatic birthright citizenship\u201d by, for example, widening the exception that applies to the \u201cchildren of diplomatic representatives\u201d to include the children of \u201cforeign government employees.\u201d \u201cExpanding the category of diplomats is potentially legal, depending on how it is done, said [Amanda] Frost, \u2018though that requires giving those people significant immunity from U.S. law.\u2019\u201d<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Tenn. death row inmate asks US Supreme Court to halt Thursday execution<\/h3>

NewsChannel5 Nashville<\/p>

Attorneys for Anthony Darrell Dugard Hines, who was sentenced to death in Tennessee for the murder of Catherine Jenkins, have asked the Supreme Court to halt his execution, scheduled for Thursday. \u201cThe attorneys argue Hines faces a heightened risk of severe pain because of his medical condition and concerns surrounding Dr. Mark Fowler, a physician who participated in Tennessee\u2019s failed attempt to execute Tony Carruthers in May. Carruthers\u2019 May 21 execution was stopped after the state\u2019s execution team was unable to establish the necessary IV access,\u201d according to NewsChannel5 Nashville. \u201cHines, 66, has suffered two strokes this year and is partially paralyzed, according to his attorneys,\u201d who say these conditions will complicate the execution process.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Author of \u2018How to Kill a Federal Judge\u2019 convicted on multiple counts<\/h3>

Shirley Henderson, ABA Journal<\/p>

Phillip Ivers, 73, author of a book titled How to Kill a Federal Judge, \u201cwas found guilty Friday of two counts of distributing threatening communications and one count of threatening members of the judiciary,\u201d according to the ABA Journal. Ivers was previously convicted in 2019 \u201cof plotting to kill U.S. District Judge Wilhelmina Wright of the District of Minnesota and sentenced to 18 months in prison.\u201d He was arrested again in 2025 after being discovered \u201cprinting copies of his book at a library in Wayzata, Minnesota.\u201d \u201cProsecutors said Ivers informed police that he also sent copies of his book to all nine U.S. Supreme Court justices.\u201d<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

On Site<\/h2>
Contributor Corner<\/span>

12 angry men \u2013 or six?<\/h3>

By Anastasia Boden<\/p>

In her In Dissent column, Anastasia Boden revisited Williams v. Florida, a 1970 case in which the court held that 12-person juries are not required under the Sixth Amendment. \u201cJustice Thurgood Marshall dissented,\u201d contending \u201cthat the court had cast aside both the historical meaning of \u2018jury\u2019 and an unbroken line of precedent,\u201d according to Boden. The court will again consider whether juries must have 12 members this fall in Kian v. Florida.<\/p><\/div>

\n
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SCOTUS Outside Opinions<\/span>

The Supreme Court and the Indian nations<\/h3>

By Joseph William Singer<\/p>

In a column for SCOTUSblog, Joseph William Singer explored the Supreme Court\u2019s \u201ccomplicated role in shaping the legal relationship between Indian nations and the United States and the state governments.\u201d \u201c[E]ven as Congress and the president have come to favor tribal sovereignty,\u201d Singer wrote, an old debate over whether the Indian nations are to be treated as \u201cindependent political communities\u201d or \u201csavages\u201d \u201ccontinues to haunt the Supreme Court\u2019s understanding of American law.\u201d<\/p><\/div>

\n
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A Closer Look<\/div>

Homer Plessy<\/h3><\/div>

This is the third entry in our series of Closer Looks on some of the most famous Supreme Court plaintiffs.<\/em><\/p>

Homer Plessy, the plaintiff in the notorious 1896 case of Plessy v. Ferguson<\/em>, in which the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the doctrine of \u201cseparate but equal,\u201d is generally believed to have been born on March 17, 1862 or 1863, in New Orleans. His father, Joseph, a carpenter, and his mother, Rosa Debergue, a seamstress, were both free Creole peoples of French and African descent. Plessy\u2019s paternal grandfather Germain Plessy was a white Frenchman who moved to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution. Both of his maternal grandparents were multiracial.<\/p>

Plessy grew up in Louisiana during the Reconstruction era when Black political participation expanded and schools were integrated.<\/p>

Plessy\u2019s father passed away when he was around only seven years old. Two years later, his mother married Victor M. Dupart, a clerk for the U.S. Postal Service, who also worked on the side as a shoemaker. Dupart was likely responsible for one of Plessy\u2019s first introductions to civil rights activism. Dupart was a member of the Unification Movement of 1873, a multiracial coalition that pushed for racial equality.<\/p>

Read more Court announces cases it will hear in November, including religious discrimination dispute<\/a><\/p>

Plessy, like his stepfather, became a shoemaker. Also like his stepfather, he was active in civil organizing in Louisiana when many of Reconstruction\u2019s gains were dismantled and Jim Crow segregation was imposed. In 1887, he the vice president of the Justice, Protective, Educational, and Social Club, an organization that worked to ensure \u201cour rights as citizens of this State and of the United States [are] protected and respected.\u201d<\/p>

In 1890, Louisiana passed the Separate Car Act, which required separate railcars for Black and white passengers. Under this law, Plessy, who himself as \u201cseven-eighths Caucasian and one-eighth African blood,\u201d was classified as \u201ccolored.\u201d Plessy, through the Comit\u00e9 des Citoyens (Committee of Citizens), a civil rights organization, agreed to be a plaintiff for a test case to challenge the constitutionality of the Separate Car Act.<\/p>

On June 7, 1892, Plessy bought a first-class ticket for a train from New Orleans to Covington, Louisiana, on the East Louisiana Railroad Company\u2019s Number 8 train. The conductor, J.J. Dowling, approached Plessy and asked him, \u201cAre you a colored man?\u201d After Plessy answered in the affirmative, Dowling said: \u201cThen you will have to retire to the colored car.\u201d After refusing to move cars, a private detective, Chris Cain, along with a group of passengers, forced Plessy out of the train. Notably, Dowling, Cain, and the East Louisiana Railroad Company were all aware that Plessy was attempting to establish standing for a test case and were in contact and cooperating with the Comit\u00e9 ahead of time.<\/p>

Plessy was charged with violating the Separate Car Act, and he argued that this was unconstitutional under the Constitution\u2019s 13th and 14th Amendments. In November 1892, Judge John Howard Ferguson upheld the legality of the act. A month later, the Louisiana Supreme Court unanimously Ferguson\u2019s decision. Plessy appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.<\/p>

In May 1896, the Supreme Court held that the Separate Car Act did not violate the Constitution\u2019s 13th or 14th Amendments, establishing the doctrine of \u201cseparate but equal,\u201d which allowed for the government to racially segregate groups if the facilities were of \u201cequal\u201d quality. Justice John Marshall Harlan wrote the sole dissenting opinion, declaring that \u201c[o]ur Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.\u201d Nearly 60 years later, in the case of Brown v. Board of Education<\/em>, the Supreme Court rejected Plessy<\/em>\u2019s \u201cseparate but equal\u201d doctrine in the educational context, a decision that eventually led to the dismantling of the framework upheld in that case.<\/p>

After the Supreme Court\u2019s decision, Plessy to Ferguson\u2019s courtroom where he entered a guilty plea and paid a $25 fine for violating the Separate Car Act.<\/p>

Following the case, Plessy returned to life. The formation of major shoemaking companies resulted in a decline in local shoemakers, so Plessy sought employment in other fields, as a laborer, clerk, warehouseman, and an insurance collector. He remained active in New Orleans\u2019 philanthropic and fraternal organizations the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Francs-Amis, the Cosmopolitan Mutual Aid Association, and the Scottish Rites Masons.<\/p>

Plessy passed away on March 1, 1925. He was interred in the Debergue-Blanco family tomb in Saint Louis Cemetery located in New Orleans. In 2022, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards posthumously pardoned Plessy. The proclamation signed by Edwards praised Plessy for his \u201cheroism and patriotism,\u201d as well as his \u201cunselfish sacrifice to advocate for and to demand equality and human dignity for all of Louisiana\u2019s citizens.\u201d<\/p><\/div><\/div>

SCOTUS Quote<\/h2>

MR. MARTIN, JR.: \u201c\u2026 Now, I think that you were right that for example the Indians were complaining that so much fishing was being allowed out in the Sound that no fish can get back to the river, perhaps they would have a right to bring a suit and perhaps the Secretary\u00a0\u2013\u201d<\/p>

JUSTICE BLACK: \u201cDoes the government have a right to bring one? Does the Attorney General have the right to bring [a suit] on the part of the Indians?\u201d<\/p>

MR. MARTIN, JR.: \u201cWell, I think it may be possible being Secretary of Interior in view of his wide jurisdiction and they might have such a right.\u201d<\/p>

JUSTICE BLACK: \u201cBut why couldn’t [that] be done? Why should it be thrown into our lap in this vague fashion?\u201d<\/p>

Read more Weakening the protection against sex discrimination?<\/a><\/p>

MR. MARTIN, JR.: \u201c \u2026 I didn’t throw it there.\u201d<\/p>

\u2014 Puyallup Tribe v. Department of Game of Washington<\/em>\u00a0(1968)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Plus, what happened to Homer Plessy after Plessy v. 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